Zamalek: The Development Model {Urban Orchestra}

 

                                 

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Location and Overview

Gezira El Zamalek is situated at the heart of Cairo and is considered one of its most prestigious districts. The district occupies a central position on an island in the Nile River, with a total area of nearly 600 feddans.

Origin of the Name

There has long been debate about the meaning of the word Zamalek. Some argue that the name is derived from the Albanian term “Zemlik,” which refers to a primitive bamboo-hut settlement. Others maintain that it comes from an Arabic word meaning “landholder,” referencing the possession of property and suggesting the historically high social status of many of its inhabitants.

Despite its elite reputation, part of the island was home to poorer residents as well.

Development Under the Khedives

In 1863 AD, Khedive Ismail commissioned the design of three palaces in Zamalek. These were assigned to Austrian architect Julius Franz Pasha and French architect Carl Wilhelm von Diebitsch, along with other contributors. One of the most prominent structures was Saray El Gezira.

During the reign of Khedive Tawfiq, the successor of Khedive Ismail, many high-status figures built palaces near Saray El Gezira, further elevating the area’s prestige.

Marginalized Figures in Zamalek’s History

Despite the focus on foreign architects and wealthy residents, lesser-known figures also played a role in Zamalek’s development. One such individual was Abdel Naem Mohamadin, who purchased land in Zamalek in 1867 at the price of two and a half piasters per meter.

He worked extensively on reclaiming the land until it became suitable for agriculture, which helped drive animals out of the area. Later, he invited relatives from Qena to invest and settle in Zamalek. Over time, their number grew to about 250 individuals.

Mohamadin was eventually selected as the mayor of his community, overseeing their internal affairs.

Zamalek as a Model of Development

The development of Zamalek offers an inspiring model of urban growth. It reflects both strong political will, demonstrated in the construction of palaces and elite neighborhoods, and the entrepreneurial initiative of individuals such as Abdel Naem Mohamadin, whose efforts contributed significantly to the area’s transformation.

Zamalek today stands as an example of mixed land use and social class integration, combining high-profile residences with historically diverse communities.

References 

• Abu-Lughod, Janet. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious.

• Al-Sayyid Marsot, Afaf. A History of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present.

• Tignor, Robert L. State, Private Enterprise, and Economic Change in Egypt, 1918–1952.

• Raymond, André. Cairo: City of History.

• The Egyptian National Archives – Documents related to Khedival Cairo and Gezira Palace.